Plastic has become one of the big problems in our society. It is one of the most versatile and used materials in the modern world. However, its durability and resilience also make it a significant environmental threat. Every day, tons of plastics end up in landfills, rivers and oceans, causing harm to marine life and contaminating entire ecosystems. Faced with this crisis, two major approaches emerge to manage plastic waste: recycling and disposal. But what is really the best option?
Plastic problem: Why is its correct management crucial?
Before looking at solutions, it’s important to understand the scope of the plastic problem. Plastic can take hundreds of years to decompose. 
During that time, it can fragment into microplastics that contaminate soil, water and living organisms. Despite global efforts to reduce plastic consumption, production of this material continues to increase. Much of the discarded plastic ends up in landfills or is incinerated. While another part ends up recycled. Hence the question of what to do with plastic, whether to recycle it or eliminate it, is increasingly relevant.
Recycling: Advantages and challenges
Advantages of plastic recycling
Recycling is one of the most effective solutions to manage plastic waste. The process involves collecting, sorting and transforming used plastic into new products. The advantages of recycling are several: Reduction of waste
: Recycling prevents large amounts of plastic from ending up in landfills or the environment, reducing pollution. Saving resources
: By recycling plastic, the need to produce new plastic from non-renewable resources such as oil is reduced. This reduces the environmental impact related to the extraction and production of these materials. Decreased carbon footprint
: Recycling plastic generally requires less energy than producing virgin plastic. This translates into a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Challenges of plastic recycling
Despite its benefits, plastic recycling faces several obstacles that limit its effectiveness: Technical difficulties: Not all types of plastic can be recycled. 
Some plastics are difficult to process due to their mixed composition. Insufficient infrastructure: In many countries, the infrastructure for collecting and processing plastic waste is inadequate.
Elimination of plastic: Advantages and risks
Plastic disposal methods
Plastic disposal often refers to incineration or landfilling. These methods have some advantages: Volume reduction: Incineration can significantly reduce the volume of plastic waste, reducing pressure on landfills. Energy recovery: Some modern incineration systems allow energy to be recovered from burned plastic, which can be used to generate electricity.
Risks and disadvantages of disposal
However, disposal also presents significant environmental and social risks: Emission of pollutants: Incineration of plastics generates toxic emissions, such as dioxins and furans, which can be dangerous to human health and the environment if not properly controlled. 
Although technology has advanced, not all countries have access to secure facilities. Soil and water pollution: Landfilling plastics remains the most common option, but these materials can take centuries to decompose, leaching toxic substances into soil and groundwater. Loss of resources: By burning or burying plastic, the opportunity to reuse a valuable resource is wasted. This contributes to the continued extraction of oil and other non-renewable materials to produce more plastic.
What is the best option?
The answer to this question is not simple, as it depends on several factors, such as the type of plastic, local infrastructure, and environmental priorities. However, recycling appears to be a preferable option in most cases due to its potential to reduce pollution, save resources, and decrease carbon emissions. It is also necessary to improve recycling efficiency, educate consumers about the correct separation of waste and promote technological innovations that allow a greater variety of plastics to be recycled. At the same time, it is crucial that companies and governments adopt policies that favor the design of more sustainable and recyclable plastic products. On the other hand, the elimination of plastic, although useful in certain contexts, should be considered as a last option, especially if it involves incineration without emissions control or its disposal in landfills. The best solution to the plastic problem lies not only in choosing between recycling or eliminating, but in adopting a comprehensive strategy that includes reduction,
recycling and, where necessary, controlled disposal. By combining these strategies, we can reduce the environmental impact of plastic and move towards a more sustainable future.
